panama area code

Panama Area Code - Panama (/ˈpænəmɑː/ (list)) PAN -ə-mah, / p æn ə ˈmɑː / pan-ə-MAH; Spanish: Panamá IPA: [panama] (list)), officially the Republic of Panama (Spanish: República de Panama), a continental country spread across the southern

North America and northern South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Its capital and largest city is Panama City, and its metropolitan area is home to half of the country's nearly 4 million people.

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Before the arrival of the Spanish colonists in the 16th century, indigenous tribes lived in Panama. It separated from Spain in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia, the union of Nueva Granada, Ecuador and Venezuela. After Gran Colombia was dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada eventually became the Republic of Colombia. With the support of the United States, Panama separated from Colombia in 1903, allowing the construction of the Panama Canal to be completed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. The Torrijos-Carter Treaties of 1977 agreed to the canal a movement United States to Panama on December 31, 1999.

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Revenue from canal tolls represents a significant portion of Panama's GDP, although trade, banking and tourism are the main growing sectors. It is considered a high income economy.

In 2018, Panama was ranked as the seventh most competitive economy in Latin America, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index.

Covering 40 percent of its land, Panama's jungles are home to an abundance of tropical plants and animals - some of which are found nowhere else on Earth.

Panama is a founding member of the United Nations and other international organizations such as OAS, LAIA, G77, WHO and NAM.

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The origin of the name Panama is unknown. There are many theories. One claims that the country was named after a common tree species (Sterculia apetala, the Panama tree). Another says that the first settlers arrived in Panama in August because of the abundance of butterflies, and that the name came from "many butterflies" in one or more of the languages Native American spoken in the area before the Spanish settlement. According to another theory, the word is a derivative of the Kuna language word "banaba", which means "long" or "distance".

The common legend in Panama is that there was a fishing town called "Panama," which means "abundance of fish," when the Spanish colonists first landed in the area. The exact location of the village is not known. Legd is generally confirmed by the efforts of the diary of Captain Antonio Tello de Guzmán, who stated that he landed in an unnamed village in 1515 while exploring the Pacific coast there the Panama; He only refers to the village as "the only small country fishing village". In 1517, Don Gaspar de Espinosa, a Spanish lieutenant, decided to establish a post in the same place described by Guzmán. In 1519, Pedro Arias Dávila decided to establish the Pacific port of the Spanish Empire at the site. The new settlement replaced Santa María la Antigua del Darien, which lost its function in the world plan of the Crown after the Spanish began to exploit the wealth of the Pacific.

The official definition and origin of the name put forward by the Ministry of Education in Panama is "an abundance of fish, trees and butterflies". This is a common explanation in social science textbooks.

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At the time the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, the known inhabitants of Panama included the Cuevas and Cocla tribes. These people almost became extinct because they lacked immunity to European infectious diseases.

The Isthmus of Panama was formed about three million years ago, with which the land bridge between North America and South America was finally completed, and plants and animals gradually crossed over on both sides. The presence of the isthmus influenced the spread of people, agriculture, and technology across the American continent from the appearance of the first hunters and gatherers to the age of towns and cities.

Paleo-Indian projectile points are among the oldest artifacts of the indigenous people of Panama. Later ctral Panama was home to the first pottery in the Americas, such as the cultures of Monagrillo, which date back to 2500-1700 BC. They became an important population, famous for their spectacular burials (dating back to c. 500–900 AD) and the beautiful polychrome pottery in the Gran Cocla style at the archaeological site of Monagrillo. Monumental monoliths at the site of Barils (Chiriki) are also important markers of these early Isthmian cultures.

The Chibchan, Chocón, and Cueva peoples were widely settled in Panama before the arrival of the Europeans. The largest group is the Cueva (whose specific linguistic affiliation is not well documented). The size of the native population of the Isthmus during European colonization is uncertain. Estimates are as high as two million, but more accurate studies put the number closer to 200,000. Archaeological findings and testimonies from early European explorers reveal distinct Isthmian indigenous groups exhibiting cultural diversity and advanced people.

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When Panama was colonized, the natives fled into the jungle and nearby islands. Scholars believe that infectious disease was the main cause of the decline of the Aboriginal population. Native peoples lacked immunity to diseases such as smallpox, which had long been harmful to Eurasian populations.

"New Caledonia", the infamous Scots Dari scheme colony in Caledonia Bay, west of the Dari Gulf

Rodrigo de Bastidas sailed west from Vezula in search of gold in 1501 and was the first European to explore the Isthmus of Panama. A year later, Christopher Columbus visited the Isthmus and established a short-term settlement at Dari. Vasco Núñez de Balboa's circumnavigation from the Atlantic to the Pacific in 1513 proved the route between the oceans, and Panama quickly became the crossroads and marketplace of Spain's empire in the World New. King Ferdinand II appointed Pedro Arias Davila as Royal Governor. In June 1514 he had 19 ships and 1,500 m. In 1519, Dávila founded Panama City.

Gold and silver were brought by ship from South America, transported across the stream and loaded onto ships to Spain. The route was known as the Camino Real or the Royal Road, but is usually called the Camino de Cruces (Way of the Crosses) because of the number of tombs along the way.

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Panama was under Spanish rule for almost 300 years (1538–1821) and became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru along with all other Spanish possessions in South America. From the beginning, Panamanian identity was based on "geographical destiny," and Panamanian fortunes fluctuated with the geopolitical importance of the isthmus. The colonial experience resulted in Panamanian nationalism and an ethnically complex and highly stratified society, a source of internal conflict that ran counter to the unifying force of nationalism.

In 1538 the Real Audicia de Panama was established, initially with jurisdiction from Nicaragua to Cape Horn until the annexation of Peru. Real Audisia is a judicial district that serves as a court of appeal. Each listener has an oider (Spanish: listener, judge).

Spanish authorities had little control over much of Panama's territory. Large sections were able to resist occupation and missionary until very late in the colonial period. Because of this, the indigenous people of the area were often called "Indios de Guerra" (Indians of war) who resisted Spanish attempts to conquer or missionize them. However, Panama was strategically important to Spain because it was the easiest route to move the silver mined in Peru to Europe. Silver goods will be landed in Panama and Th Tak over to Portobello or Nombre de Dios to be carried on to the Caribbean. In addition to the European route, there was also an Asia-American route, which led traders and adventurers to transport money from Peru, passing through Panama to Acapulco, Mexico, before sailing to Manila, Philippines, using the famous Manila gallons.

In 1579, the royal monopoly of Acapulco, Mexico; including trading with; Manila, the Philippines; relaxed and Panama was designated as another port for direct trade with Asia.

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Due to Spain's incomplete control, the Panama Canal was at risk of attack from pirates (mostly Dutch and Glish) and from "New World" Africans who had freed themselves from slavery and were living in communes or palques around the Camino Real in the Panamanian interior. . , and on some islands off the Pacific coast of Panama. One notable such community was a small kingdom under Bayano that emerged from 1552 to 1558. The famous raids on Panama in 1572-73 by Sir Francis Drake and John Oxham helped the Panamanian Cimarrons to cross the Pacific Ocean and Spanish authorities

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